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List of 85+ MCQs on soil science ! This will help you to learn about the frequently asked objective type questions on soil science especially compiled for ICAR, ARS, IARI Ph.D and other competitive exams.
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1. Hue denotes
(A) Dominant spectrum
(B) Lightness or brightness
(C) Purity
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(D) Intensity
Ans. A
2. Phosphorus uptake in alkali soil in the form of _____
(A) H2PO4–
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(B) HPO42–
(C) PO43–
(D) H3PO4
Ans. C
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3. Which fertilizer produce acidity in soil
(A) Ammonium sulfate
(B) Sodium nitrate
(C) Calcium ammonium nitrate
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(D) Calcium nitrate
Ans. A
4. Maximum N content found in N fertilizer
(A) Urea
(B) Anhydrous ammonia
(C) Sodium nitrate
(D) Ammonium sulphate
Ans. B
5. Rock phosphate has P2O5
(A) 10-20%
(B) 20-40%
(C) 30-50 %
(D) 20-30%
Ans. B
6. The conversion factor for calculating P from P2O5
(A) P2O5 x 2.29
(B) P x 0.44
(C) P x 2.29
(D) P2O5 x 0.44
Ans. D
7. The phenomenon slickenside found in which soil
(A) Inceptisol
(B) Vertisol
(C) Gelisol
(D) Spodosol
Ans. B
8. Which organic fraction not soluble in both acid and alkali
(A) Fulvic
(B) Humic
(C) Humin
(D) All of the above
Ans. C
9. In munsell colour chart hue 10 represents as ______
(A) Red
(B) Black
(C) Grey
(D) Yellow
Ans. D
10. pF scale for Field capacity is _____
(A) 2
(B) 2.5
(C) 3.5
(D) 4.5
Ans. B
11. Available water held between
(A) Saturation to wilting point
(B) Field capacity to hygroscopic coefficient
(C) Only field capacity
(D) Field capacity to wilting point
Ans. D
12. Soil colloidal particle shows the phenomena
(A) Plasticity
(B) Adhesion and cohesion
(C) Flocculation
(D) All of the above
Ans. D
13. The central cation on silica tetrahedron is _____
(A) Al3+
(B) Si4+
(C) Fe2+
(D) None of the above
Ans. B
14. Which plant is used for indication of permanent wilting point?
(A) Safflower
(B) Sunflower
(C) Marigold
(D) Both A and C
Ans. B
15. Mica is a type of clay mineral
(A) 1:1
(B) 2:1
(C) 2:1:1
(D) None of the above
Ans. B
16. Hydrogen bond found in which clay mineral
(A) Kaolinite
(B) Montmorillonite
(C) Vermiculite
(D) Beidelite
Ans. A
17. Base saturation in lateritic soil
(A) < 40 %
(B) > 40%
(C) < 20%
(D) > 20%
Ans. B
18. Immobilization of sulphur occur in soil when C:S ratio is _____
(A) < 300:1
(B) > 300:1
(C) > 400:1
(D) > 200:1
Ans. C
19. Denitrification is a process of ______
(A) Oxidation
(B) Reduction
(C) Hydration
(D) Carbonation
Ans. B
20. Microorganism involve in conversion from nitrite to nitrate
(A) Nitrosomonas
(B) Nitrobactor
(C) Pseudomonas
(D) Bacillus
Ans. B
21. Thiourea is type of fertilizer
(A) Slow release
(B) Nitrification inhibitors
(C) Natural nitrification inhibitors
(D) Artificial nitrification inhibitors
Ans. D
22. Chemical formula of thiourea is _____
(A) CO(NH2)2
(B) SC(NH2)2
(C) HCN
(D) None of the above
Ans. B
23. N content in thiourea is _________
(A) 46%
(B) 36.8%
(C) 22.5%
(D) 33%
Ans. B
24. Quantity of soil to be taken for texture analysis
(A) 10g
(B) 20g
(C) 30g
(D) 40g
Ans. B
25. The K2O content in Illite varied between
(A) 6 to 10%
(B) 2 to 4%
(C) 10 to 15%
(D) 33%
Ans. A
26. The microorganism lies below < 10°C is called _______
(A) Psychrophiles
(B) Mesophiles
(C) Thermophiles
(D) None of the above
Ans. A
27. Thermophiles organism lies in temperature
(A) > 45°C
(B) > 25°C
(C) < 45°C
(D) < 25°C
Ans. A
28. Optimum temperature for mesophile
(A) 10-20°C
(B) 20-40°C
(C) 40-60°C
(D) 15-20°C
Ans. B
29. Which organism derive their energy from oxidation of complex organic compound
(A) Heterotrophs
(B) Autotrophs
(C) Chemotrophs
(D) Lithotrophs
Ans. A
30. Organism utilize carbon from CO2 for their cellular synthesis
(A) Hetrotrophs
(B) Chemotrophs
(C) Autotrophs
(D) None of the above
Ans. C
31. Most of the soil organism is _____
(A) Psychrophiles
(B) Mesophiles
(C) Thermophiles
(D) All of the above
Ans. B
32. Optimum growth of bacteria in soil
(A) Acidic
(B) Alkali
(C) Neutral to slightly alkaline
(D) Slightly acidic to neutral
Ans. C
33. Fungi growth optimum in pH
(A) 2.5-4.5
(B) 4.5-6.5
(C) 6.5-7.5
(D) 7.5-8.5
Ans. B
34. Actinomycetes prefer which condition for their growth
(A) Slightly alkaline
(B) Alkali
(C) Acidic
(D) Neutral
Ans. A
35. Aroma of earthy smell in first shower of monsoon is due to _____
(A) Actinomycetes
(B) Bacteria
(C) Fungi
(D) None of the above
Ans. A
36. Which genera of bacteria found maximum in soil?
(A) Azotobacter
(B) Pseudomonas
(C) Bacillus
(D) All of the above
Ans. C
37. Rhizobium is an _____ organism
(A) Hetrotrophs anaerobic
(B) Heterotrophs aerobic
(C) Autotrophs anaerobic
(D) Autotrophs aerobic
Ans. B
38. Which nutrient influence the nodule formation and nitrogen fixation in soil?
(A) pH
(B) N
(C)P
(D) All of the above
Ans. D
39. Nitrification process ceases at pH
(A) < 5
(B) < 6
(C) < 4
(D) < 7
Ans. A
40. Denitrification mostly takes place in _____
(A) Aerobic
(B) Anaerobic
(C) Both
(D) None of the above
Ans. B
41. Nitrification rapid in _____ season
(A) Winter
(B) Rainy
(C) Summer
(D) All of the above
Ans. C
42. The peak microbial population was observed in soil generally after addition of residue
(A) 3-4 week
(B) 2-3 week
(C) 3-4 days
(D) 1-2 week
Ans. D
43. For mineralization of P optimum ratio of C:N:P should be _____
(A) 100:10:1
(B) 50:10:1
(C) 80:10:1
(D) 30:10:1
Ans. A
44. Ammonia volatilization is purely process of _____
(A) Physical
(B) Chemical
(C) Biological
(D) None of the above
Ans. B
45. Which element suppressed Downey mildew of pear millets?
(A) Chloride
(B) Fluoride
(C) Bromide
(D) Lithium
Ans. A
46. Improper development of wheat inflorescence is due to deficiency of _____
(A) Molybdenum
(B) Boron
(C) Calcium
(D) Magnesium
Ans. B
47. Organic matter obtained
(A) OC x 1.724
(B) OC x 2.24
(C) OC x 1.55
(D) OC x 1.64
Ans. A
48. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is measured by _____
(A) Pycnometer
(B) Tensiometer
(C) Amoozemeter
(D) Hydrometer
Ans. C
49. Hydraulic conductivity is found to decrease in the following order
(A) K soil > Ca – soil > Na – soil
(B) Na – soil > K – soil > Ca – soil
(C) Ca – soil < K – soil < Na – soil
(D) Ca – soil > K – soil > Na – soil
Ans. D
50. Which chemical compound is used for improve soil aeration, infiltration and water holding capacity of soil
(A) Jalshakti
(B) Fentachlore
(C) Hydrotech
(D) None of the above
Ans. A
51. Reddish colour in muriate of potash is due to _____
(A) KCl
(B) Colour reagent
(C) Impurities
(D) All of the above
Ans. C
52. Feldspars is primary mineral that occurs pre-dominantly in ________
(A) Igneous rock
(B) Sedimentary rock
(C) Metamorphic rocks
(D) All of the above
Ans. A
53. CO2 content in rainwater is _______
(A) 0.35%
(B) 0.45%
(C) 0.25%
(D) 0.15%
Ans. B
54. In which point resistant to wind erosion in soil
(A) Permanent wilting point
(B) Hygroscopic point
(C) Field capacity
(D) None of the above
Ans. A
55. Bedrock is absent in which soil?
(A) Black soil
(B) Red soil
(C) Alluvial soil
(D) Forest soil
Ans. C
56. Saline soil also known as _____
(A) Solonchalk
(B) Solonetz
(C) Sodochalk
(D) None of the above
Ans. A
57. Kari is the local name of _____
(A) Acid soil
(B) Saline soil
(C) Acid sulfate soil
(D) Alkali soil
Ans. C
58. The honey-comb structure found in _____
(A) Alluvial soil
(B) Black soil
(C) Saline soil
(D) Laterite soil
Ans. D
59. Which soil occur mainly a soil crust problem?
(A) Sandy soil
(B) Silty clay loam
(C) Loamy soil
(D) Clayey soil
Ans. B
60. Red colour of soil is due to _____
(A) Hematite
(B) Geothite
(C) Glauconite
(D) Maghemite
Ans. A
61. Black colour of soil is due to _____
(A) Titaniferous magnetite
(B) Geothite
(C) Glauconite
(D) Organic matter
Ans. A
62. Total soil order found in world?
(A) 9
(B) 10
(C) 11
(D) 12
Ans. D
63. Flow of nitrogen in soil mainly due to _____
(A) Mass flow
(B) Diffusion
(C) Interception
(D) None of the above
Ans A
64. Micronutrient flow is mainly a _____ process in soil
(A) Mass flow
(B) Diffusion
(C) Interception
(D) None of the above
Ans. B
65. When organic matter added into the soil effect on bulk density
(A) Increased
(B) No effect
(C) Decreased
(D) Both A and C
Ans. C
66. Which factor is more responsible for black colour in kanhar (Vertisol) soil?
(A) Hematite
(B) Titaniferous magnetite
(C) Geotite
(D) Organic matter
Ans. B
67. Which factor is responsible for red colour in bhata (Entisol) soil?
(A) Hematite
(B) Geotite
(C) Maghemite
(D) Gibbsite
Ans. A
68. Yellow colour appear due to hydration of hematite found in which soil?
(A) Bhata (Entisol)
(B) Dorsa (Alfisol)
(C) Matasi (Inceptisol)
(D) Kanhar (Vertisol)
Ans. C
69. Soil order found in Chhattisgarh
(A) 2
(B) 4
(C) 3
(D) 5
Ans. D
70. Which Soil order is newly identified in Chhattisgarh?
(A) Entisol
(B) Mollisol
(C) Inceptisol
(D) Vertisoil
Ans. B
71. Which soil has low water and nutrient holding capacity of Chhattisgarh?
(A) Bhata
(B) Matasi
(C) Dorsa
(D) Kanhar
Ans. A
72. Bhata soil is also known as _____
(A) Clayey
(B) Clay loam
(C) Gravely
(D) Sandy loam
Ans. C
73. Matasi soil is also known as _____
(A) Clayey
(B) Clay loam
(C) Gravely
(D) Sandy loam
Ans. D
74. Dorsa soil is also known as _____
(A) Clayey
(B) Clay loam
(C) Gravely
(D) Sandy loam
Ans. B
75. Kanhar soil is also known as _____
(A) Clayey
(B) Clay loam
(C) Gravely
(D) Sandy loam
Ans. A
76. Which soil covers maximum area in Chhattisgarh?
(A) Bhata
(B) Matasi
(C) Dorsa
(D) Kanhar
Ans. B
77. Bhata soil covers area in Chhattisgarh of total area
(A) 12%
(B) 21%
(C) 39%
(D) 27%
Ans. A
78. Dorsa soil covers area in Chhattisgarh of total area
(A) 12%
(B) 21%
(C) 39%
(D) 27%
Ans. D
79. Kanhar soil covers area in Chhattisgarh of total area
(A) 12%
(B) 21%
(C) 39%
(D) 27%
Ans. B
80. Total soil order found in India
(A) 13
(B) 5
(C) 9
(D) 12
Ans. C
81. Which one is lower category for classification of soil?
(A) Soil order
(B) Family
(C) Soil series
(D) None of the above
Ans. C
82. Which clay mineral is responsible for cracking in black soil?
(A) Kaolinite
(B) Illite
(C) Vermiculite
(D) Montmorillonite
Ans. D
83. pH meter measures
(A) H ions activity
(B) H ions concentration
(C) Al ions
(D) All of the above
Ans. A
84. EC (electrical conductivity) meter measures
(A) Total salt in soil
(B) Soluble salt in soil
(C) Both the salt
(D) None of the above
Ans. B
85. The unit used for the measurement of electrical conductivity is _____
(A) dS/m
(B) uS/cm
(C) mg/m
(D) Both A and B
Ans. D
86. Olsen method is used for phosphorus estimation
(A) Acidic soil
(B) Neutral to alkali soil
(C) Saline soil
(D) All of the above
Ans. B
87. Which method used for determination of available phosphorus in acid soil
(A) Bray
(B) Olsen
(C) Walkley and Black
(D) Jackson
Ans. A
88. KMnO4 (potassium permanganate) is used for __________
(A) Available nitrogen
(B) Organic carbon
(C) Available phosphorus
(D) Available potassium
Ans. A
89. Which instrument is used for the estimation of potash (K)
(A) Spectrophotometer
(B) Flamephotometer
(C) Colorimeter
(D) Atomic absorption
Ans. B
90. Spectrophotometer is used for determination of _____
(A) N
(B) P
(C) K
(D) All of the above
Ans. B
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